Physics

Origins

Natural Philosophy had been taught within the University from the start and the Chair of Natural Philosophy formed part of the Faculty of Arts when it was established as a distinct entity in 1708. The first Professor, Robert Stewart (1675–1758) had been a Regent since 1703. He had among his students for 1724, David Hume (1711-1776). He was succeeded by his son, John Stewart (d1759). In 1759, he was succeeded by Adam Ferguson (1723-1816), based on his talents rather than specific expertise. His lectures proved both popular and attractive. Ferguson moved to the Chair of Moral Philosophy in 1764 and was succeeded by James Russell (c1720–1773).

The appointment of John Robison (1739-1805) in 1774 was driven particularly by William Cullen (1710-1790), Joseph Black (1728-1799) and Principal William Robertson (1721-1793). Robison brought in lectures on a variety of topics such as mechanics, astronomy, optics and magnetism. His successor, John Playfair (1748-1819), had previously held the Chair of Mathematics as had Playfair's successor, Sir John Leslie (1766-1832). During this time it was recognised that students mathematical knowledge was frequently below what was required to comprehend lectures, though this was not a problem unique to Edinburgh.

Mathematical Physics

A second Chair was established in 1924, in memory of Peter Guthrie Tait (1831-1901). It was later retitled the Chair of Mathematical Physics. Its origins were in a lectureship in Applied Mathematics which was established in 1892 and held by Cargill Gilston Knott (1856-1922). By 1911, the idea of a 'Tait' Chair had emerged and money was raised towards it. The First World War delayed the implementation until 1923 and the appointment of Charles Galton Darwin (1887-1962) who was in post the following year. Shortly afterwards, the idea of a dedicated Institute emerged as a place where "members spend their whole working day under one roof, deriving essential stimulus from constant close contact with each other" and the Tait Institute was born.

Merger with Astronomy

In 1993, the Departments of Physics and Astronomy were combined.

Professors

Chair of Natural Philosophy

Sir Robert Stewart (1675–1758), 1708-1742

John Stewart (d1759), 1742-1759, son of previous

Both were Baronets of Coltness (4th and 5th respectively) but neither assumed the title.

Adam Ferguson (1723-1816), 1759-1764

James Russell (c1720–1773), 1764-1773

John Robison (1739-1805), 1774-1805

John Playfair (1748-1819), 1805-1819

Sir John Leslie (1766-1832), 1819-1832

James David Forbes (1809-1868), 1833-1859

Peter Guthrie Tait (1831-1901), 1860-1901

James Gordon MacGregor (1852-1913), 1901-1913

Charles Glover Barkla (1877-1944), 1913-1944

Norman Feather (1904-1978), 1945-1975

William Cochran (1922-2003), 1975-

Tait Chair of Natural Philosophy

Charles Galton Darwin (1887-1962), 1924-1936

Max Born (1882-1970), 1936-1952

Chair retitled: Tait Chair of Mathematical Physics

Nicholas Kemmer (1911-1998), 1953-1979

Sir David James Wallace (1945-), 1979-1993

Richard Kenway, 1994-

Personal Chairs of Theoretical Physics

Peter Higgs, 1980-1996

Arjun Berera

Other People

Raymond Eldred Siday (1912-1956)

Sources

• Birse, Ronald M., Science at the University of Edinburgh 1583-1993 (University of Edinburgh, 1994)

• The University of Edinburgh Journal, vol. 18, pp. 114-116