Difference between revisions of "William Drummond of Hawthornden's Donation of Books to Edinburgh University Library, 1626"

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William Drummond of Hawthornden made the first major donation of books to Edinburgh University Library in 1626, gifting the library its first literary collection.

Edinburgh University Library

The foundation of Edinburgh University Library was enabled by the Bequest of Clement Litill’s Library in 1580. Initially gifted to the 'kirk of Edinburgh', the library was transferred to the newly opened University at on 17 September 1584. It soon became the custom for graduates to make a parting gift to the library, either in the form of money or books. As it was a public library, belonging to the Town of Edinburgh, it also attracted donations from prominent citizens. Early benefactors include William Rig of Mortoun, James Heriot, Thomas Fisher, Archibald Douglas of Whittinghem, Thomas Hope of Craighall, Lord Advocate, David Williamson, James Raeth of Edmonston, and Dr. Robert Johnston. None of these donations could compare, however, to the gift made by poet and Edinburgh alumnus William Drummond of Hawthorden.

Drummond's Donation

Drummond had studied under regent James Knox at Edinburgh University, graduating MA in 1605. He began collecting books shortly afterwards, both when travelling abroad, and after retiring to his family seat of Hawthornden Castle, near Roslin, Midlothian. By 1626, when he was made a burgess of Edinburgh, he had amassed a superb private library. He had already made a small but valuable donation to the library in 1624: the Earl of Stirling’s autograph manuscript of Doomesday and copies of Drummond’s own Poems (1616) and Flowres of Sion (1623). The latter are personally inscribed by Drummond to the 'College of King James' (as Edinburgh University was known following an Act of the Scottish Parliament, 4 August 1621).

In 1626, Drummond made a much more substantial gift, donating around 550 books to the University Library. His motives remain unclear. Besides wishing to be remembered as a benefactor to his Alma Mater, he may also have been bidding a temporary farewell to literary pursuits. He was preparing to go abroad for some time on business connected with registering patents for military machines of his own invention. Drummond made further donations on an annual basis between 1628 and 1636. All in all, he presented some 800 printed titles and thirty-six manuscripts. Around 700 volumes survive in the Library’s collection.

Treasures of the Collection

Drummond's donation provided the University Library with some of its greatest treasures, especially in the fields of literature, history, geography, philosophy and theology, science, medicine and law. They include early printings of Shakespeare, Jonson, Spenser, Drayton and Sir Philip Sidney, a complete copy of John Derrick's Image of Irelande (1581), and two early pamphlets encouraging the colonisation of Nova Scotia. There are volumes in Latin, Italian, French and Spanish, as well as English. The collection contains rare items as varied as Simon Sturtevant's Metallica (London, 1612), the quintus part of Nicholas Yonge's second collection of Musica transalpina (London, 1597), Edward Wright's The Description and Use of the Sphaere (London, 1613), Conrad Gesner's De rerum fossilium (Zurich, 1565) and Historia plantarum (Paris, 1541), Hieronymus Fabricius's De locutione (Venice, 1601), Henry Briggs's Arithmetica logarithmica (Gouda, 1628), Gratian's Decretals (Antwerp, 1573) and Hernan Cortés's De insulis nuper inventis (Cologne, 1532).

Catalogue

On the 26th November 1626, John Adamson, then Principal of Edinburgh University, appeared before the Town Council and produced an inventory of Drummond's donation. For over fifty years following the opening of the University in 1583, the Principal acted as ex officio Keeper of the University Library. The Council ordered that the books be added to the Library and the inventory be printed at their expense. Adamson, a considerable scholar, printed a Latin catalogue of the donation, entitled Auctarium Bibliothecae Edinburgenae, sive, Catalogus Librorum quos Gulielmus Drummond ab Hawthornden Bibliothecae D.D.Q., Anno 1627. This was prefaced by a Latin translation of Drummond's paper 'Of Libraries' which celebrates great libraries and their founders. Shortly afterwards a tract appeared, generally attributed to Drummond himself, entitled Bibliotheca Edinburgena Lector, in which Edinburgh University Library itself addressed the public, inviting it to increase its stocks.

Library Accommodation

The building in which Drummond's donation was originally stored was relatively knew. In 1616 the Town Council built a hall for academical purposes, 120 feet long by 30 feet wide, and allocated the identically sized room immediately above it as new accommodation for the University Library. This room, however, appears to have been deeply unsuitable. According to the University's earliest historian Thomas Craufurd, 'the cast windows of that house, exposed to the east and west moistening winds, procured some moustyness to the books'. Coal had to bought in quantity 'to give dry air for preservation of the volumes'.

(who before that time had the keeping of the house, and care of the books) overtake all by himself. a6th December this year, Mr John Adamson, Principal, had alloted to him 180 merks a-yejw for the charges of an servant, and for buying of coals, to give diy iur for preser- vation of the volumes.

Our first literary collection. There are now about 700 volumes (including a few manuscripts) in Latin, Italian, French and Spanish, as well as English. A printed catalogue was issued in 1627 after Drummond's first large donation: 'Auctarium Bibliothecae Edinburgenae, sive catalogus librorum quos Guilielmus Drummondus ab Hawthornden Bibliothecae D.D.Q. anno. 1627'. It was reprinted in 1815. The most thorough investigation of Drummond and his books will be found in , which lists and discusses all Drummond's known books, some 1,400 titles, not just those given to Edinburgh University. See also The books are all listed in the pre-1985 typescript catalogue and there are online records for most of them. All have shelfmarks starting “De.” So include link to General Catalogue

The books are listed in the University Library's pre-1985 guard-book catalogue, and there are online records for most of them. A printed catalogue of the collection is available in the Centre for Research Collections, where the collection itself may be consulted.

External Links

Sources

Thomas Craufurd, History of the University of Edinburgh, from 1580 to 1646: To Which is Prefixed the Charter Granted to the College by James VI of Scotland, in 1582 (Edinburgh: Printed by A. Neill & Co., 1808)
C. P. Finlayson and S. M. Simpson, 'The History of the Library 1580-1710', in Edinburgh University Library 1580-1980: A Collection of Historical Essays, ed. Jean R. Guild and Alexander Law (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Library, 1982), pp. 43-54.
Sir Alexander Grant, The Story of the University of Edinburgh during its First Three Hundred Years, 2 vols (London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1884)
John Scally and Julie Lawson, 'A labyrinth of delight': The World of William Drummond of Hawthornden 1585-1649 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Library, Museums & Galleries in partnership with the Scottish National Portrait Gallery, 2005)
M. C. T. Simpson, 'The Special Collections', in Edinburgh University Library, 1580–1980: A Collection of Historical Essays, ed. J. R. Guild and A. Law (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Library, 1982), pp. 140-62.

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 == Catalogue ==
-On the 26th November 1626 Principal Adamson appeared
+On the 26th November 1626, [[John Adamson]], then [[Principal]] of Edinburgh University, appeared before the Town Council and produced an inventory of Drummond's donation. For over fifty years following the [[Opening of Edinburgh University, 1583|opening of the University in 1583]], the Principal acted as ''ex officio'' Keeper of the University Library. The Council ordered that the books be added to the Library and the inventory be printed at their expense. Adamson, a considerable scholar, printed a Latin catalogue of the donation, entitled ''Auctarium Bibliothecae Edinburgenae, sive, Catalogus
-before the Town Council and produced an inventory of "a
+Librorum quos Gulielmus Drummond ab Hawthornden Bibliothecae D.D.Q., Anno 1627''. This was prefaced by a Latin translation of Drummond's paper 'Of Libraries' which celebrates great libraries and their founders. Shortly afterwards a tract appeared, generally attributed to Drummond himself, entitled ''Bibliotheca Edinburgena Lector'', in which Edinburgh University Library itself addressed the public, inviting it to increase its stocks.
-number of books given and devoted to the Library within the
-College by Mr. William Drummond of Hathrindaill " (jat). At first, and indeed for fifty years, the Library was under the
-sole charge of the Principal, and for his guidance the Town
-Council in 162 1 passed the following Act: —
-The Council ordered that the books should be "put into the
-Library with the rest," and that the inventory should be printed
-at their expense. Adamson, who was an accomplished scholar,
-produced accordingly a printed Latin catalogue, which he entitled Auctarium Bibliotheaz Edinburgena^ sive Catalogus
-Librorum quos Gulielmus Drummond ab Hawthornden^ Biblio-
-thec(By D,D,Q,, Anno 1627.^ To this catalogue Adamson
-prefixed a Latin Preface, which was in fact a translation of a
-paper which Drummond of Hawthomden had previously written
-Of Libraries, In it the importance of great Libraries is declared,
-and their founders eulogised.
-Shortly afterwards there was published a tract, which \s
+== Library Accommodation ==
-generally attributed to Drummond, but may have been by Adam-
-son, entitled Bibliotheca Edinburgena Lectori^ in which the Library
-was supposed to have addressed people, and invited them to
-increase its stores. Such appeals almost always produce some
-fruit in the course of time, if not immediately ; they sink into
-people's minds and bring, if not gifts, then legacies.
-Library Accommodation
+The building in which Drummond's donation was originally stored was relatively knew. In 1616 the Town Council built a hall for academical purposes, 120 feet long by 30 feet wide, and allocated the identically sized room immediately above it as new accommodation for the University Library. This room, however, appears to have been deeply unsuitable. According to the University's earliest historian [[Thomas Craufurd]], 'the cast windows of that house, exposed to the east and west moistening winds, procured some moustyness to the books'. Coal had to bought in quantity 'to give dry air for preservation of the volumes'.
-Even before Drummond's contribution had been received the
-Town Council had felt the Library to be of sufficient importance
-to require extended accommodation beyond what had been
-originally allotted to it in the College. In 161 6, as we shall see
-more particularly elsewhere, they built a Hall for Academical
-purposes, 120 feet long by 30 broad, and the room over this
-of the same size was appropriated to the reception of the
-Library. But the upper Hall appears to have been ill-built and
-not weather-tight.
-Craufurd: The Library, begun by that worthy citizen Mr
-Clemerit Little, before this time had been much
-increased, not only by the donaries of such as
-were yearly graduated, but especially by the
-munificence of many worshipful, citizens cheer-
-fully contributing thereto ; a catalogue where-
-of is annexed. After it passed the capacity of
-an private chamber, it was removed to the
-higher public hitll, till such time as a proper
-house could he built for it But the cast win- '
-dows of that house, exposed to the east and
-west moistening winds, procured some mousty-
-ness to the books: Neither could the Primar
 (who before that time had the keeping of the
 house, and care of the books) overtake all by
@@ Line 78: / Line 36: @@
 Our first literary collection.
-There are now about 700 volumes (including a few manuscripts) in Latin, Italian, French and Spanish, as well as English. A printed catalogue was issued in 1627 after Drummond's first large donation: 'Auctarium Bibliothecae Edinburgenae, sive catalogus librorum quos Guilielmus Drummondus ab Hawthornden Bibliothecae D.D.Q. anno. 1627'. It was reprinted in 1815. The most thorough investigation of Drummond and his books will be found in Robert Macdonald’s 'The Library of Drummond of Hawthornden' (Edinburgh, 1971), which lists and discusses all Drummond's known books, some 1,400 titles, not just those given to Edinburgh University. See also
+There are now about 700 volumes (including a few manuscripts) in Latin, Italian, French and Spanish, as well as English. A printed catalogue was issued in 1627 after Drummond's first large donation: 'Auctarium Bibliothecae Edinburgenae, sive catalogus librorum quos Guilielmus Drummondus ab Hawthornden Bibliothecae D.D.Q. anno. 1627'. It was reprinted in 1815. The most thorough investigation of Drummond and his books will be found in , which lists and discusses all Drummond's known books, some 1,400 titles, not just those given to Edinburgh University. See also
 The books are all listed in the pre-1985 typescript catalogue and there are online records for most of them. All have shelfmarks starting “De.”
 So include link to General Catalogue
-The books are listed in the University Library's guard-book catalogue, and a printed catalogue of the collection is available in the Centre for Research Collections, where the collection itself may be consulted.
+The books are listed in the University Library's pre-1985 guard-book catalogue, and there are online records for most of them. A printed catalogue of the collection is available in the Centre for Research Collections, where the collection itself may be consulted.
 == External Links ==